Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of physiological mechanisms in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Which level of biological organization is considered the basic unit of structure and function in living things?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Question 3

A patient is exposed to cold temperatures. Which physiological response is most likely to occur as part of a negative feedback loop to maintain body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscles contract, generating heat (shivering)

Question 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes intrinsic from extrinsic regulation of organ function?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic regulation occurs when cells within the organ sense changes and respond locally

Question 5

During orthostatic hypotension, which system provides extrinsic feedback control to restore blood pressure when standing up?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about the plasma membrane's permeability?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing some molecules to cross while blocking others

Question 7

Which process describes the movement of water across a plasma membrane through aquaporin channels?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

A solution is considered isotonic to a red blood cell if:

Accepted Answer

It maintains the cell's normal shape and volume

Question 9

Which of the following is a requirement for simple diffusion to occur across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

A concentration gradient and membrane permeability to the molecule

Question 10

Which equation best represents the net movement of molecules during passive transport?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 11

Which of the following molecules can pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 12

Ion channels in the plasma membrane are typically made of:

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited number of carriers

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that it:

Accepted Answer

Requires specific carrier proteins

Question 15

The Na+/K+ pump moves:

Accepted Answer

3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the Na+/K+ pump?

Accepted Answer

Maintains osmolality and produces electrochemical impulses

Question 17

A patient with dehydration will have increased plasma osmolality. What is the physiological response to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increase in water retention by the kidneys

Question 18

Which of the following best describes active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from lower to higher concentration using ATP and carrier proteins

Question 19

Which equation describes the saturation kinetics of carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

$$J = \frac{J_{max}[S]}{K_m + [S]}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose uptake into muscle cells via GLUT4 transporters

Cellular Transport and Homeostasis: Foundations in Human Physiology

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