Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria are considered semi-autonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to synthesize some of their own proteins.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and neurological symptoms. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the mitochondrial genome. Which pattern of inheritance would you expect for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Maternal inheritance

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the shape and structural integrity of the nucleus by organizing chromatin.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A cell is observed to have an accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and shows signs of demyelination in the nervous system. Which organelle is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 6

Which of the following processes is directly regulated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) during ER stress?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in overall protein translation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of flippases in the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

They selectively transfer phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine to the cytosolic monolayer.

Question 8

A mutation in the gene encoding a lysosomal hydrolase results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the cell. Which disease is most likely associated with this defect?

Accepted Answer

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and protein and can be found free in the cytosol or bound to the ER.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why lysosomal enzymes are inactive in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

The cytosolic pH is too alkaline for lysosomal acid hydrolases to function.

Question 11

Which of the following is a unique feature of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two concentric membranes, with the outer membrane continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

A cell is unable to synthesize proteins destined for secretion. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to targeted destinations.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are the primary site of ATP synthesis in the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely trigger the apoptotic phase of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)?

Accepted Answer

Chronic accumulation of misfolded proteins that cannot be cleared

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and the regulation of hydrogen peroxide levels?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated from aerobic bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembly of ribosome precursors

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a prominent nucleolus. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is actively synthesizing ribosomal RNA and assembling ribosomes.

Chapter 5: The Organelles – Structure and Function in Eukaryotic Cells

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