Question 1

Which of the following best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are made up of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics shared by all organisms?

Accepted Answer

They all have a nervous system.

Question 3

A scientist discovers a new organism that can acquire and use energy, is made of cells, and can replicate, but does not respond to environmental information. According to the five characteristics of life, is this organism considered alive?

Accepted Answer

No, because it does not respond to information.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are molecules of DNA that contain genes made up of four different symbols: A, T, C, and G.

Question 5

During cell division, the inheritance of traits is determined by the behavior of chromosomes. This principle is known as:

Accepted Answer

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins.

Question 7

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from $$5'	ext{-}ATGCGT	ext{-}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{-}ATGAGT	ext{-}3'. $$Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

The RNA transcribed from this DNA will have a different sequence, potentially altering the protein produced.

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world example of the flow of genetic information (degna definition) in action?

Accepted Answer

A gene in DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into a protein that determines eye color.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why organisms with similar DNA sequences are more closely related?

Accepted Answer

They share a more recent common ancestor, as shown by phylogenetic trees.

Question 10

A researcher is constructing a phylogenetic tree using DNA sequences. Which of the following pairs of organisms would be placed closest together on the tree?

Accepted Answer

Organisms with the most similar DNA sequences.

Question 11

Which of the following processes is an example of energy acquisition in plants?

Accepted Answer

Using sunlight to create sugar molecules through photosynthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA carries out functions within the cell by helping to make proteins.

Question 13

If a plant is unable to perform photosynthesis, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

It will not be able to create sugar molecules needed for ATP production.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA?

Accepted Answer

Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between its interior and exterior. This property is essential for which characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Being made of membrane-bound units (cells).

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of evolution as a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria develops resistance to an antibiotic over several generations.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why all cells must replicate?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the continuation of life by producing new cells from preexisting cells.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Which of the following best describes how this mutation can affect the patient?

Accepted Answer

The mutation can change the sequence of the protein produced, potentially altering its function.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best example of information processing in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell receives a signal from its environment and activates a gene to produce a specific protein.

Fundamental Concepts in Cell Biology: Cell Theory, Chromosomes, and Genetic Information

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