Question 1

Which scientist was the first to observe cells and coined the term 'cells' after viewing cork under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is credited with discovering 'animalcules' in pond water. What modern term best describes these 'animalcules'?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and protozoa

Question 3

Which statement is NOT part of the classical cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 4

A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the absence of a nucleus and the presence of a cell wall. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 5

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' and is responsible for converting food into usable energy?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

What is the primary function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a genetic defect affecting which organelle, leading to the accumulation of waste substances in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 8

Which structure is found only in animal cells and plays a crucial role in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 9

According to the endosymbiosis theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Packages and exports proteins

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which cellular structure is responsible for controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Support, shape, and movement

Question 14

If a cell is unable to produce ribosomes, which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy}$$

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with DNA located in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 19

A cell is observed to have flagella. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Movement

Question 20

Which process is most directly affected in a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of waste and cellular debris

Introduction to Cell Biology: Cell Theory, Cell Types, and Organelles

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