Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

A very large molecule consisting of many smaller structural units linked together, often called a polymer.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct monomer for proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 3

During the formation of a polymer from monomers, which type of reaction occurs and what is removed?

Accepted Answer

Condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction; removal of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 4

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$\mathrm{-NH_2$})$$

Question 5

A patient is unable to digest starch due to a deficiency in a specific enzyme. Which type of reaction is impaired in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of organic macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecular structures.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing cellular reactions

Question 8

A triglyceride is formed by the combination of glycerol and three fatty acids. How many molecules of water are released during this process?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 9

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 10

Which functional group is found in nucleotides and is essential for energy transfer in cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$\mathrm{-PO_4$})$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 12

Which process is used by the body to break down polymers into monomers during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$classified as which type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – Fatty acid

Question 15

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{-COOH})$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain at least one double bond.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing cellular reactions

Question 18

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide monomers.

Question 19

Which functional group is most likely to confer polarity and solubility in water to a biomolecule?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{-OH})$$

Question 20

A mutation causes a protein to lose its ability to catalyze reactions. Which function of proteins is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic

7-The Big 4 Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Significance

Study Guide - Practice Questions