Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the coding strand and the template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand has the same sequence as the mRNA (except T is replaced by U), while the template strand is used by RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It signals for the addition of the poly(A) tail.

Question 3

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5'-ATG GGG CTC C-3' (coding strand) to 5'-ATG GGA CTC C-3'. What effect will this have on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

One amino acid will be changed from Glycine to Glutamine.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

Question 5

During eukaryotic transcription, which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 6

Which of the following sequences signals the addition of the poly(A) tail to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$AAUAAA$$

Question 7

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of the double helix of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 9

A scientist isolates a ribosome from a eukaryotic cell. Which rRNA molecules would be found in the large subunit?

Accepted Answer

5S, 5.8S, 28S

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs during the processing of pre-tRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Removal of a leader sequence at the 5' end

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Addition of 5' cap, splicing, addition of poly(A) tail

Question 12

Which of the following statements about bacterial mRNA half-life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial mRNA molecules have half-lives of only a few minutes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is universal, with most organisms using the same codon assignments.

Question 14

During transcription, which of the following events marks the transition from initiation to elongation?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II CTD and release from transcription factors

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They bind to the promoter in a specific order to form the initiation complex.

Question 16

Which of the following codons acts as a start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

$$AUG$$

Question 17

A patient has a mutation in the AAUAAA sequence of their mRNA. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Addition of the poly(A) tail

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of removing introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

The exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an integral component of the ribosome.

The Genetic Code and Transcription: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

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