Probability definitions Flashcards
Probability definitions
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Theoretical Probability Calculated using possible outcomes before any experiment, found by dividing favorable outcomes by total possible outcomes. Empirical Probability Calculated from actual experimental data, found by dividing the number of times an event occurs by the total number of trials. Sample Space Set of all possible outcomes for a random experiment, often represented using curly brackets in set notation. Event Any outcome or group of outcomes from a random experiment, regardless of size or significance. Complement All outcomes in the sample space where a specific event does not occur; its probability is 1 minus the event's probability. Mutually Exclusive Events Events that cannot occur at the same time; their probabilities are added to find the chance of either occurring. Non-Mutually Exclusive Events Events that can occur simultaneously; their combined probability requires subtracting the overlap. Independent Events Events where the outcome of one does not affect the outcome of the other; their joint probability is the product of their probabilities. Dependent Events Events where the outcome of one affects the probability of the other occurring. Set Notation Mathematical symbols and brackets used to represent collections of outcomes, such as events or sample spaces. Or Probability Probability that at least one of multiple events occurs; calculated differently for mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events. And Probability Probability that multiple events all occur; for independent events, found by multiplying their individual probabilities. Overlap Region Portion in a Venn diagram where two events share outcomes, relevant for non-mutually exclusive events. Trial A single occurrence or observation in an experiment, used to gather data for empirical probability. Favorable Outcome An outcome that satisfies the condition of the event being considered in a probability calculation.
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