The phosphonium ion, PH₄⁺ is formed by reaction of phosphine, PH₃, with an acid.

d. Explain why the ion has a +1 charge.

State the number of valence electrons, bonding pairs, and lone pairs in each of the following Lewis structures:

c.

Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following:

b. H₂NOH (N is the central atom)

Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following:

a. H₃COCH₃ (the atoms are in the order C O C)

Determine the Lewis Dot Structure for the following compound: H₂Se.

Draw a Lewis Dot Structure that obeys the octet rule for the following compound: NH₂OH.

CIA Problem 4.2 Draw the Lewis dot structures for the molecules CO and NO. What is different about these structures compared with the general examples we have seen so far? How could these Lewis structures provide insight into the high chemical reactivity of these molecules?

How many covalent bonds are formed by each atom in the following molecules? Draw molecules using the electron-dot-symbols and lines to show the covalent bonds.

a. PH₃

b. H₂Se

c. HCl

d. SiF