Benzocaine, a widely used local anesthetic, is often administered as benzocaine hydrochloride in clinical settings.

Why is benzocaine hydrochloride preferred over benzocaine?

Refer to the two dimethylamine molecules hydrogen-bonded with water shown below. Identify the bonds made or broken and where the electrons go when they react, forming an amine, an ammonium ion, OH^–.

What is the equilibrium equation for the acid-base reaction of piperidine and water? Label each species as a base or acid.

Consider the following amines:

i. p-chloroaniline

ii. N-methylcyclopentylamine

iii. N-butylethylamine

What are the structures of the ammonium ion produced from the reaction of each of the following amines with an acid?

Consider the structure of 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium shown below:

Will 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium react with aqueous HBr? If so, identify the product.

Consider the following molecules:

List them in order of decreasing boiling point and justify your answer.

Determine if the amine shown below is soluble in water. Explain your answer.