The capacity of batteries, such as the typical AA alkaline battery, is expressed in units of milliamp-hours (mAh). An AA alkaline battery yields a nominal capacity of 2850 mAh. The starting voltage of a fresh alkaline battery is 1.55 V. The voltage decreases during discharge and is 0.80 V when the battery has delivered its rated capacity. If we assume that the voltage declines linearly as current is withdrawn, estimate the total maximum electrical work the battery could perform during discharge.

Molten sodium chloride can be reduced to sodium metal by passing an electric current through the molten salt to split it into its elements. Illustrated below is a simple diagram of the cell. Show the balanced equations for the anode, cathode, and overall cell reactions.

Draw the cell setup for the electrolysis of aqueous concentrated hydrochloric acid. Identify the anode and cathode, indicate the direction of the flow of electrons, and write the balanced overall cell reaction.

Which of the following correctly describes the primary difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell?

How do electrolytic principles apply to the operation of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries?