Question 1

Which fetal structure allows blood to bypass the lungs by directly connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Ductus arteriosus

Question 2

During fetal circulation, which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Umbilical vein

Question 3

A patient has a blockage in the left subclavian artery. Which area would most likely experience reduced blood supply?

Accepted Answer

Left upper limb

Question 4

Which vein drains blood from the superficial areas of the head and neck?

Accepted Answer

External jugular vein

Question 5

What is the function of pulmonary surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduces alveolar surface tension

Question 6

During an asthma attack, which physiological change occurs in the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolar smooth muscle contracts, increasing airway resistance

Question 7

Which structure vibrates to produce sound in the larynx?

Accepted Answer

True vocal folds

Question 8

If the radius of a blood vessel decreases, what happens to blood flow according to Poiseuille's law?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow decreases

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents vital capacity (VC) in terms of lung volumes?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 10

A patient has a damaged hepatic portal vein. Which process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to the liver

Question 11

Which structure prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 12

Which vessel returns oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Question 13

Which equation represents total lung capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = VC + RV$$

Question 14

Which artery supplies blood to the brain and eyes?

Accepted Answer

Internal carotid artery

Question 15

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood returning from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 16

Which structure contracts and flattens to increase thoracic volume during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 17

Which vein drains blood from the kidney into the inferior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Renal vein

Question 18

Which equation represents functional residual capacity (FRC)?

Accepted Answer

$$FRC = ERV + RV$$

Question 19

If heart rate increases, what happens to the R–R interval on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

R–R interval decreases

Question 20

Which structure carries air to a lung lobe?

Accepted Answer

Secondary bronchus

A&P II Lab Practical #2 Study Guide: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Structures

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