$$2000 \, \text{antibodies/sec}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity targets pathogens in body fluids using antibodies, while cellular immunity targets infected cells using T cells.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing dead viral particles. Which type of immunity is primarily being stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Active humoral immunity

Question 3

Which property of an antigen allows it to trigger proliferation of specific lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Immunogenicity

Question 4

A hapten is most likely to trigger an immune response when:

Accepted Answer

It binds to body proteins, forming a larger complex.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

They display fragments of foreign antigens to T cells.

Question 6

During negative selection in T cell maturation, what happens to T cells that strongly bind to self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

They are destroyed by apoptosis.

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells and activating them?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 8

A person receives antibodies intravenously after exposure to a toxin. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive humoral immunity

Question 9

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and can cross the placental barrier?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Tag antigens for destruction by innate defenses

Question 11

Which mechanism describes antibodies binding to antigens and causing them to clump together, such as in mismatched blood transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination

Question 12

If a virus is neutralized by antibodies before entering a cell, which antibody action is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why metals and plastics used in joint replacements do not trigger an immune response?

Accepted Answer

They lack immunogenicity and do not stimulate the immune system.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the rate of antibody production by plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2000 \, 	ext{antibodies/sec}$$

Question 15

After a second exposure to the same antigen, which of the following best describes the antibody response?

Accepted Answer

Faster, more prolonged, and with higher antibody levels

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for B cell activation and differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Antigen binds to B cell receptor → B cell presents antigen to Helper T cell → B cell receives signal to clone and proliferate

Question 17

Which antibody class is most active in allergies and parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 18

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother via the placenta. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive humoral immunity

Question 19

Which process involves antibodies binding close together on a cell surface, triggering complement fixation and cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

Complement fixation and activation

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly destroying antigens

Adaptive Immune System: Humoral and Cellular Immunity

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica