Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration ($$[Ab]) $$and time ($$t) $$during a secondary immune response?

$$[Ab] = [Ab]_0 \times e$$^{rt}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of antigenic determinants (epitopes) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They are the specific parts of an antigen recognized by antibodies, B cell receptors, or T cell receptors.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated viral particles. Which branch of adaptive immunity is primarily responsible for producing antibodies against these particles?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and more robust due to immunological memory.

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for directly killing virus-infected cells and tumor cells in cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells ($$T_C)$$

Question 5

A mutation causes a person's MHC I proteins to be nonfunctional. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Presentation of endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why plastics generally have low antigenicity?

Accepted Answer

Plastics are composed of small, simple molecules that lack diverse antigenic determinants.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration ($$[Ab]) $$and time ($$t) $$during a secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$[Ab] = [Ab]_0 	imes e$$^{rt}$$

Question 8

A patient with myasthenia gravis has autoantibodies attacking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of helper T cells ($$T_H$$)?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing virus-infected cells

Question 10

Which process allows antibodies to enhance phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 11

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive humoral immunity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cytokines in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They are signaling peptides that regulate intensity and duration of immune responses.

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of a lack of costimulatory molecules during T cell activation?

Accepted Answer

T cells become anergic and fail to respond to antigen.

Question 14

Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be involved in the rejection of a transplanted organ?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells ($$T_C)$$

Question 15

Which statement about memory cells is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells are produced during the primary response and enable a faster, stronger response upon re-exposure.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the activation of a helper T cell ($$T_H$$)?

Accepted Answer

Binding to antigen-MHC II complex, costimulation, proliferation

Question 17

Which formula best represents the diversity of antibodies ($$D) $$produced by B lymphocytes, given $$n$$ different antigenic determinants and $$m$$ types of B cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

$$D = n 	imes m$$

Question 18

A patient with HIV has a reduced number of helper T cells ($$T_H). $$Which aspect of adaptive immunity is most compromised?

Accepted Answer

Activation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Producing antibodies that circulate in body fluids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

B cells that bind to a specific antigen proliferate and differentiate into plasma and memory cells.

Adaptive Immunity: The Specific Defense System (Chapter 20) – Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard