Question 1

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 160/100 mmHg. Which of the following best describes this condition, and what would you expect to see in the sphygmomanometer measurement?

Accepted Answer

This is hypertension; the sphygmomanometer would show elevated systolic and diastolic pressures.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between blood flow ($$F$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 3

Where in the circulatory system is blood pressure most pulsatile, and why?

Accepted Answer

In the arteries, because they directly receive blood ejected from the heart.

Question 4

A patient is experiencing circulatory shock. Which of the following is the most common form of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Question 5

Which force is primarily responsible for the difference in net filtration pressure (NFP) between the arterial and venous ends of a capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

If a patient has atherosclerosis, how does this condition affect blood pressure and flow?

Accepted Answer

It increases resistance, raising blood pressure and decreasing flow.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the vasomotor center in the brain?

Accepted Answer

It controls vessel diameter by responding to autonomic reflexes such as baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, and higher brain center input.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly calculates net filtration pressure ($$NFP) at a $$capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (P_{c} + \pi_{i}) - (P_{i} + \pi_{c})$$

Question 9

Which structure in fetal circulation allows blood to bypass the liver?

Accepted Answer

Ductus venosus

Question 10

A patient presents with edema. Which of the following best explains how the lymphatic system helps resolve this condition?

Accepted Answer

By absorbing excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin

Question 12

How are lymphatic capillaries structurally different from blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end and have overlapping endothelial cells that act as valves.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and stores platelets.

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary hypertension example?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension with no identifiable cause, often related to genetics and lifestyle

Question 15

Which structure in fetal circulation allows blood to bypass the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between lymph and blood?

Accepted Answer

Lymph is a clear fluid lacking most blood cells and proteins, while blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and house immune cells that respond to pathogens.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes tonsils and their location?

Accepted Answer

Tonsils are clusters of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes how lymphatic vessels differ from veins?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels have thinner walls and more valves than veins.

Question 20

A patient with severe dehydration has reduced capillary hydrostatic pressure. What effect will this have on net filtration pressure ($$NFP) $$and tissue fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease $$NFP$$, causing less fluid to leave capillaries and potentially leading to tissue dehydration.

Anatomy & Physiology: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Study Guide

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