Question 1

Which of the following best explains why skeletal muscle fibers appear striated under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

The alternating arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the myofibrils.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decreased bone mass. Which of the following cellular activities is most likely increased in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast activity

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during the initial stages of muscle contraction.

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

A soccer player lands awkwardly and experiences pain and swelling in her knee. Imaging reveals damage to a synovial joint. Which structure is most likely responsible for lubricating this joint?

Accepted Answer

Synovial fluid

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contractions generate tension without changing muscle length, while isotonic contractions change muscle length.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 8

During muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after calcium ions bind to troponin?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin shifts to expose active sites on actin.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Concentric contractions shorten the muscle as it generates force, while eccentric contractions lengthen the muscle under tension.

Question 10

A patient with a vitamin D deficiency is likely to experience which of the following effects on bone development?

Accepted Answer

Impaired calcium absorption leading to weakened bones

Question 11

Which of the following movements describes turning the palm upward?

Accepted Answer

Supination

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of an antagonist muscle during movement?

Accepted Answer

It opposes the action of the prime mover to control movement.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Transverse tubules transmit action potentials deep into the fiber, triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of synovial fluid

Question 16

A person is performing a biceps curl. As the biceps brachii contracts to lift the weight, which term best describes the biceps brachii in this movement?

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fast-twitch fibers fatigue quickly and generate more force, while slow-twitch fibers are more resistant to fatigue and suited for endurance.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue replaces a cartilage model during development.

Question 19

Which of the following movements involves decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Question 20

Which of the following substances is NOT normally stored in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Skeletal, and Joint Systems

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