Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the serous pericardium in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between the heart and surrounding structures during contraction.

Question 2

During the cardiac cycle, which event occurs when the atrioventricular (AV) valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular systole

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the blood vessel with the type of blood it carries?

Accepted Answer

Aorta: oxygenated blood

Question 4

A patient has a blockage in the hepatic portal vein. Which organ's blood flow is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 5

Which formula correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

If a person’s blood pressure is measured as 120/80 mmHg, what does the 80 mmHg value represent?

Accepted Answer

Diastolic pressure

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of lymph and activation of immune responses

Question 8

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops immunity after recovering from the illness. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Active natural immunity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They process and present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response.

Question 10

During the inflammatory response, which of the following events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine and increased vascular permeability

Question 11

Which equation correctly calculates mean arterial pressure ($$MAP) $$using systolic ($$SP) $$and diastolic ($$DP) $$pressures?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 13

Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for producing mucus to trap dust and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Question 14

A patient with a collapsed lung is diagnosed with pneumothorax. What is the most immediate physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Loss of negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Question 15

Which phase of respiration involves the movement of oxygen from alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

External respiration

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of complement proteins in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They enhance phagocytosis and cause lysis of pathogens.

Question 18

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormally prolonged QRS complex. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Delayed ventricular depolarization

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm contracts, thoracic volume increases, air flows in

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide: Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Respiratory Systems

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