Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to low potassium levels. Which homeostatic feedback mechanism is most likely involved in restoring potassium balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate

Question 4

A solution contains 10 grams of NaCl dissolved in 100 mL of water. What is the percent concentration of NaCl in the solution? Use the formula $$	ext{Percent concentration} = \frac{	ext{mass of solute}}{	ext{volume of solution}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in blood chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Buffers help maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell by osmosis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur.

Question 11

A patient has a genetic mutation affecting the structure of their epithelial tissue. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Protection against physical and chemical injury

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium (Na$$^+-K$^+) $$ATPase pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell using ATP.

Question 13

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support and binding of other tissues

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds have equal sharing.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

A patient is unable to break down hydrogen peroxide in their cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death that is essential for development and tissue homeostasis

Question 20

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard