$$\text{Mass Number} = \text{Number of Protons} + \text{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies how those parts function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a drop in body temperature. Which type of feedback mechanism is most likely to be activated to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass Number} = 	ext{Number of Protons} + 	ext{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important to life?

Accepted Answer

It can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable organic molecules.

Question 5

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed when sodium donates an electron to chlorine. What type of bond is this?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

A process that reverses a change to maintain homeostasis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing a water molecule.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the pH scale is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 3 is one hundred times more acidic than a solution with pH 5.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is a positively charged ion, while an anion is negatively charged.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life example of a positive feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin to intensify uterine contractions during childbirth.

Question 11

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. According to the pH scale, this is considered:

Accepted Answer

Slightly acidic

Question 12

Which of the following best describes hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

The addition of water to break a bond in a molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 14

A molecule has the chemical formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of biomolecule does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why polar covalent bonds are important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

They create regions of partial charge, enabling hydrogen bonding and solubility in water.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing complexity in the hierarchy of organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 17

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal body temperature. Which concept is most directly related to this problem?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidation in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Loss of electrons

Question 19

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 20

A molecule is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms of the same element. What type of bond is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Chemistry, and Biochemistry Study Notes

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