Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atoms → Molecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism

Question 2

A patient is unable to move their forearm due to nerve damage. Which anatomical region is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Antebrachial

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It contains proteins that function as channels, receptors, and enzymes.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 5

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the direction of electron flow in a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

From the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the proteins found in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

A solution with a pH of 4 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

1,000 times

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of a membrane protein

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct classification of the reaction: $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition and redox reaction

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why active transport requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to respond to stimuli

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They minimize changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a process by which cells engulf large particles or liquids using vesicles.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is essential for nerve function?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the electrochemical gradient necessary for action potentials.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of concentration gradients in cellular transport?

Accepted Answer

They drive the movement of substances from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts Study Guide

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