Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts, while physiology focuses on how those parts work together to perform functions.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of tissues in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adipose

Question 4

A patient is unable to maintain homeostasis of blood glucose levels. Which organ system is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine system

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is essential for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve and transport many substances, regulate temperature, and participate in chemical reactions.

Question 6

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and swell, possibly bursting.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Produce ATP through aerobic metabolism.

Question 9

Which chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein, without energy input

Question 12

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up chemical reactions.

Question 13

If the pH of blood drops below 7.35, what condition results and what is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; decreased nervous system activity

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA organization in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

DNA is condensed into chromosomes during cell division to prevent tangling.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer prevents drastic changes in pH by absorbing excess H	extsuperscript{+} or OH	extsuperscript{-} ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating atomic mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass number} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down organic compounds and neutralizing toxic compounds such as free radicals?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis by translating mRNA.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell requires a high amount of energy, such as a muscle cell.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations, Chemistry, and the Cell

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