Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Mass Balance in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of a substance in the body remains constant unless it is added or removed.

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that increases the permeability of their cell membranes to sodium ions. Which principle of membrane transport does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Which organ system is primarily responsible for controlling homeostasis through rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 5

A researcher wants to test the effect of a new drug on heart rate. She randomly assigns subjects to receive either the drug or a placebo, and neither the subjects nor the researchers know who receives which. What type of experimental design is this?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind study

Question 6

Which equation best represents Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 7

Carrier-mediated transport exhibits which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

Specificity, competition, and saturation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

Channel proteins form open pores for rapid transport, while carrier proteins undergo conformational changes to move substances.

Question 9

A patient with Cushing's disease is likely to have which of the following hormonal imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Excess cortisol

Question 10

Which body system works most closely with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a property of epithelial transport?

Accepted Answer

It always requires ATP

Question 12

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is involved in water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 13

Which of the following is a precursor needed to make steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 14

Which equation best describes the relationship between flux ($$J$$), diffusion coefficient ($$D$$), and concentration gradient ($$\frac{dC}{dx}) in $$membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It releases hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 16

A patient presents with symptoms of Addison's disease. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger pathways.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

Accepted Answer

It regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient without using ATP.

Question 20

A patient is experiencing hypersecretion of growth hormone. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Anatomy & Physiology: Homeostasis, Membrane Transport, and Endocrine System Study Guide

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