Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward

Question 2

A patient presents with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Which organ is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

Question 3

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the head than another structure?

Accepted Answer

Superior

Question 4

Which of the following is a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen

Question 6

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^{+}$$ ions

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Decrease the activation energy required for the reaction

Question 9

Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for most cells in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from high to low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 11

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 14

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^{+}$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^{+}$$ ions into the cell

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP

Question 19

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Anatomy & Physiology I: Foundational Concepts and Cell Biology – Exam 1 Study Guide

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