$$\text{Atomic Number} = \text{Number of Protons} = \text{Number of Electrons}$$

$$\text{Number of Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process where the output reduces the original stimulus, helping maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Inability to respond to stimuli

Question 3

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number, number of protons, and number of electrons in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic Number} = 	ext{Number of Protons} = 	ext{Number of Electrons}$$

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$formed by which type of bond between hydrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an endergonic chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that requires energy input to proceed.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of Neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic Mass} - 	ext{Atomic Number}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Palmitic acid

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing genetic information

Question 11

A student is asked to determine how many covalent bonds a carbon atom can form. Which is the correct answer and why?

Accepted Answer

Four, because carbon has four valence electrons and needs four more to fill its shell.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of protein structure levels from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 14

A patient is experiencing rapid breathing and confusion. Blood tests reveal a pH of 7.6. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Alkalosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 16

Which of the following is the main monomer unit of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of charge due to differences in electronegativity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide that provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the maximum number of electrons in a shell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n^2$$

Question 20

A patient is found to have a deficiency in enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis reactions. Which process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of dietary proteins into amino acids

Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction and Chemistry of Life Study Guide

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