Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA helicase during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds the double-stranded DNA to allow transcription to occur.

Question 2

During translation, what is the function of the anticodon loop of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and binds to the corresponding codon on mRNA.

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules.

Question 4

A mutation that is passed from parent to offspring is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Inherited mutation

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 6

What is the primary function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It contains stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the electron transport system (ETS) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are passed down a protein cascade, generating a proton gradient used to produce ATP.

Question 8

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for synthesizing vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Question 9

During the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of CO$$_2$$ are released per turn?

Accepted Answer

$$2 ($$one from pyruvate to acetyl CoA, one from citric acid cycle)$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protection against UV damage

Question 11

What is the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It accepts electrons during oxidation reactions, becoming NADH.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete sebum, a lipid mixture that waterproofs and protects the skin.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about codons?

Accepted Answer

A codon is a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 15

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose after glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

$$36$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about human genetic variability is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can interfere with the function of resulting proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of an oxidation reaction?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of melanocytes in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They produce melanin for pigmentation.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis is avascular?

Accepted Answer

It relies on diffusion from the underlying dermis for nutrient supply.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH and FADH$$_2$$ for the electron transport chain.

Anatomy & Physiology: Molecular Genetics, Metabolism, and the Integumentary System

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