Question 1

Which hormone produced by the kidneys is primarily responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 2

An older adult presents with frequent urination at night and reports feeling dizzy when getting up quickly. Which physiological change most likely contributes to these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decline in night-time ADH production and postural blood pressure drop

Question 3

A patient complains of urine leakage when sneezing or laughing. Which type of urinary incontinence is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Stress incontinence

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of insulin

Question 5

A 75-year-old patient is at increased risk of falls due to nocturia. Which combination of factors best explains this risk?

Accepted Answer

Rushing to the toilet, postural hypotension, and impaired mobility

Question 6

Which structure in the male reproductive system secretes a fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins to nourish sperm?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicle

Question 7

A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is most likely to experience which urinary symptom?

Accepted Answer

Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 8

Which of the following is a known risk factor for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations

Question 9

During objective data collection for a genitourinary assessment, which vital sign should be closely monitored due to its relevance in urinary function?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 10

A patient is unable to reach the toilet in time due to limited mobility, resulting in urine leakage. What type of incontinence is this?

Accepted Answer

Functional incontinence

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between urine output ($$U$$), glomerular filtration rate ($$GFR$$), and reabsorption ($$R) in $$the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

$$U = GFR - R$$

Question 12

Which of the following changes is commonly observed in the female reproductive system after menopause?

Accepted Answer

Uterus shrinks and may prolapse into the vagina

Question 13

A nurse is collecting subjective data from a patient with suspected urinary tract infection. Which symptom is most indicative of infection?

Accepted Answer

Burning or pain on micturition

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended health promotion strategy for reducing the risk of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

HPV vaccination for individuals under 26 years

Question 15

A patient presents with incomplete bladder emptying and a collection of residual urine. Which age-related change is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Impaired contractility of the detrusor muscle during urination

Question 16

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Vestibule

Question 17

A nurse is performing a breast palpation and notes a lump. Which of the following characteristics should be documented?

Accepted Answer

Location, size, shape, consistency, moveability

Question 18

Which screening test is effective for early detection of prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

PSA blood test

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulates blood pressure by controlling sodium and water balance

Question 20

A male patient aged 65 presents with urinary hesitancy and a palpable, enlarged prostate. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Anatomy & Physiology of the Genitourinary System: Functions, Assessment, and Age-Related Changes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard