Question 1

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 2

Blood leaves the left ventricle and enters which vessel to begin systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Question 3

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

The pericardial cavity surrounds the heart and is lined by which type of membrane?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 5

Which layer of the heart wall contains the cardiac muscle tissue responsible for contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with pericardial effusion. What is the most serious consequence if fluid accumulates rapidly in the pericardial cavity?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Question 7

Which branch of the coronary artery is sometimes called the 'widowmaker' due to its clinical significance in myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending artery

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the pathway of blood through the heart starting from the vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly calculates stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 10

During the cardiac cycle, which phase is characterized by all heart valves being closed and ventricular pressure rising?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 11

Which ion is primarily responsible for the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$Ca^{2+})$$

Question 12

What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide mechanical and electrical coupling between cells

Question 13

Which structure is the normal pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is released by the parasympathetic nerve innervating the heart?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Stimulation of the vagus nerve causes which effect on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Negative chronotropic effect (decreased heart rate)

Question 16

Which part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular depolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased preload on stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume increases due to the Frank-Starling mechanism

Question 18

Which equation correctly relates cardiac output ($$CO$$), heart rate ($$HR$$), and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 19

Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of myocardial infarction (MI)?

Accepted Answer

Replacement of dead cardiac muscle with fibrous scar tissue

Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica