Q: A patient inhales 500 mL of air per breath, with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. If the anatomic dead space is 150 mL, what is the alveolar ventilation per minute?

$$(500 - 150) \times 12 = 4,200 \text{ mL/min}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major functions of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the lower respiratory tract during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 3

During inspiration, which muscle contracts to increase thoracic volume?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 4

Which equation correctly expresses Dalton’s Law for calculating total pressure in a mixture of gases?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = P_1$ + P_2$ + P_3$ + \ldots$$

Question 5

If the volume of a gas in the lungs increases, what happens to its pressure according to Boyle’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 7

A patient with decreased lung compliance will most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty inflating the lungs during inspiration

Question 8

Which formula represents the calculation of tidal volume (TV) in respiratory physiology?

Accepted Answer

$$TV = V_{inhaled}$$

Question 9

During forced expiration, which muscles are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the difference between total pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation accounts for dead space, while total pulmonary ventilation does not

Question 11

A patient inhales 500 mL of air per breath, with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. If the anatomic dead space is 150 mL, what is the alveolar ventilation per minute?

Accepted Answer

$$(500 - 150) 	imes 12 = 4,200 	ext{ mL/min}$$

Question 12

Which mechanism is responsible for matching ventilation and alveolar flow?

Accepted Answer

Local control of bronchiolar diameter

Question 13

Which of the following changes would most likely increase airway resistance?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$Flow = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased compliance on lung function?

Accepted Answer

Lungs inflate more easily

Question 16

During an asthma attack, which physiological change occurs in the airways?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction increases airway resistance

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased surfactant production in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar collapse due to increased surface tension

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the anatomical dead space?

Accepted Answer

Volume of air in the conducting airways not involved in gas exchange

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for vital capacity (VC)?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = IRV + TV + ERV$$

Question 20

A patient with pulmonary fibrosis has decreased lung compliance. Which of the following best explains the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Greater effort is required to inflate the lungs

Anatomy & Physiology of the Lungs: Structure, Function, and Ventilation

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