Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To supply the body with O$$_2$$ for cellular respiration and dispose of CO$$_2$$

Question 2

A patient presents with hoarseness and difficulty speaking after inhaling chemical fumes. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Vocal folds of the larynx

Question 3

During swallowing, which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Soft palate and uvula

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It transports gas to and from the respiratory zone structures

Question 5

A patient with rhinitis is likely to experience which of the following complications due to the continuity of mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Spread of infection from the nose to the throat and chest

Question 6

Which equation best represents the process of external respiration in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2 ($$alveoli) \rightarrow $$O_2 ($$blood); \ $$CO_2 ($$blood) \rightarrow $$CO_2 ($$alveoli)$$

Question 7

Which of the following structures is responsible for equalizing pressure in the middle ear?

Accepted Answer

Pharyngotympanic tubes

Question 8

What is the main function of the nasal conchae during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

To filter, heat, and moisten air

Question 9

Which cells in the alveoli secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 10

A patient is unable to cough effectively due to smoking-related damage. Which structure is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cilia in the trachea

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the larynx in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Routes air and food into proper channels and houses vocal folds

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of enlarged adenoids in the nasopharynx?

Accepted Answer

Air is not properly moistened, warmed, or filtered before reaching the lungs

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alveolar and capillary walls along with their fused basement membranes

Question 14

A patient with a blocked nasal cavity is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced resonance and altered speech quality

Question 15

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the trachea contains C-shaped cartilage rings?

Accepted Answer

To prevent collapse of the trachea during pressure changes

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Lighten the skull and help warm and moisten air

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of alveolar macrophages?

Accepted Answer

They keep alveolar surfaces sterile by removing debris and pathogens

Question 19

A patient is unable to produce sound due to paralysis of the vocal folds. Which function of the larynx is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Voice production

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting and respiratory zones?

Accepted Answer

Conducting zone transports air; respiratory zone is the site of gas exchange

Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System: Study Notes

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