Question 1

Which structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 2

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between air and blood

Question 3

During inspiration, which of the following changes occurs in the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary volume increases and gas pressure decreases

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity (VC)?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 5

A patient has a tidal volume (TV) of 500 mL, an inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) of 3,100 mL, and an expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of 1,200 mL. What is their vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = 500\,mL + 3,100\,mL + 1,200\,mL = 4,800\,mL$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

Question 7

Most oxygen in the blood is transported by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the majority of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Converted to bicarbonate ions in plasma

Question 9

What is the main stimulus for increased rate and depth of breathing under normal physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

High carbon dioxide concentration in the blood

Question 10

Which region of the brain sets the basic rhythm of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 11

A person is experiencing hyperventilation. What is the expected effect on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases, leading to alkalosis

Question 12

Which anatomical structure increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity, enhancing filtration and humidification?

Accepted Answer

Conchae

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Regulate blood glucose levels

Question 14

What is the approximate volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration and cannot be voluntarily exhaled?

Accepted Answer

Residual volume (1,200 mL)

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of bicarbonate ions back to carbon dioxide for exhalation?

Accepted Answer

$$HCO_3^- + H$$^+ \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H_2O + $$CO_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the pleural fluid in the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a lubricant, allowing smooth lung expansion and contraction

Question 17

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become accustomed to high levels of carbon dioxide. Which chemical factor now primarily stimulates their breathing?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen concentration detected by chemoreceptors

Question 18

Which respiratory volume is defined as the amount of air that actually reaches the respiratory zone and participates in gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Functional volume

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of hypoventilation?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 20

Which structure is the main passageway for air to enter the respiratory system and also houses sensory receptors for smell?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System: Structured Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard