Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To supply the body with O$$_2$$ for cellular respiration and dispose of CO$$_2$$, a waste product of cellular respiration.

Question 2

Which process of respiration involves the exchange of O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ between the lungs and blood?

Accepted Answer

External respiration

Question 3

During heavy lifting, the vocal folds act as a sphincter to prevent air passage. What is the physiological benefit of this action?

Accepted Answer

It increases intra-abdominal pressure, stabilizing the trunk.

Question 4

Which structure is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 5

A patient presents with hoarseness and difficulty speaking after a viral infection. Which structure is most likely inflamed?

Accepted Answer

Vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Question 6

Which of the following changes occurs as air moves from the bronchi to the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage rings become irregular plates and eventually disappear.

Question 7

What is the role of type II alveolar cells in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

They secrete pulmonary surfactant and repair the alveolar epithelium.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and volume in pulmonary ventilation (Boyle's Law)?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 9

A patient with left-sided heart failure develops fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of smoking on the tracheal epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of cilia, leading to reliance on coughing to clear mucus.

Question 11

Which anatomical feature allows the lungs to expand and recoil during breathing?

Accepted Answer

Pleural fluid within the pleural cavity

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the right main bronchus is more likely to be obstructed by a foreign object than the left?

Accepted Answer

It is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus.

Question 13

Which structure is responsible for equalizing air pressure throughout the lung and providing alternate routes in case of blockages?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar pores

Question 14

A patient suffers a stab wound to the chest, resulting in air entering the pleural cavity and lung collapse. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying sound during speech

Question 16

Which region of the pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Oropharynx

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the blood supply to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary arteries deliver deoxygenated blood for oxygenation; bronchial arteries supply oxygenated blood to lung tissue.

Question 18

Which cell type is most numerous in the alveoli and is responsible for phagocytizing dust particles?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

Question 19

A patient with chronic sinusitis experiences headaches due to a vacuum created in the sinuses. What is the physiological cause of this vacuum?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of air following blockage of sinus passageways

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Passages that serve only for airflow, with no gas exchange

Chapter 21-1 Respiratory System

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