Question 1

Which of the following best describes the path of a breath of air from the nose to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 2

A patient with asthma experiences bronchoconstriction. Which structure is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle in the bronchioles

Question 3

Which of the following is the main function of the turbinates in the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

To warm, humidify, and filter incoming air

Question 4

How many lobes are present in the right and left lungs, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Right lung: 3, Left lung: 2

Question 5

Which of the following organs is NOT shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 6

What is the primary function of mucus in the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To trap dust and pathogens, preventing them from reaching the lungs

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the Hering-Breuer reflex?

Accepted Answer

It prevents over-inflation of the lungs by inhibiting inspiration when the lungs are stretched

Question 8

Which cartilage forms the Adam's apple?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid cartilage

Question 9

According to Boyle's Law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of its container decreases, assuming temperature is constant?

Accepted Answer

Pressure increases

Question 10

Dalton's Law states that:

Accepted Answer

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas

Question 11

Which of the following is a defense mechanism of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Mucociliary escalator

Question 12

Which bronchus supplies the lobes of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Secondary (lobar) bronchi

Question 13

Why is it generally better to breathe through the nose rather than the mouth?

Accepted Answer

The nose warms, humidifies, and filters the air more effectively

Question 14

What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea

Question 15

Which tissue lines most of the respiratory tract and is responsible for moving mucus upward toward the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 16

A patient with RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is most likely deficient in which substance?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the apex of the lung?

Accepted Answer

The superior, pointed portion of the lung located above the clavicle

Question 18

Which organs are part of the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx

Question 19

What does the interlobular septa do in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Divides the lungs into lobules

Question 20

Which part of the respiratory system first warms and humidifies the air?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Anatomy & Physiology: Respiratory System Study Guide

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