Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 2

A scientist is studying a bone sample and finds it contains osteocytes, collagen fibers, and hydroxyapatite crystals. Which level(s) of bone structure is the scientist examining?

Accepted Answer

Microscopic and chemical levels

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the dense outer layer of bones, while spongy bone consists of a honeycomb of trabeculae deep to compact bone.

Question 4

A patient suffers a fracture that damages the yellow bone marrow. Which function of bone is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Fat storage

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the chemical composition of bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers are part of the organic matrix and contribute to bone's flexibility.

Question 6

During bone development, which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the base of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 7

A forensic anthropologist is analyzing a skeleton and notes the presence of projections, depressions, and openings on the bones. What is the primary significance of these bone markings?

Accepted Answer

They serve as sites for muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment, and as conduits for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of interstitial growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage.

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass ($$M$$), bone mineral density ($$BMD$$), and bone volume ($$V$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$M = BMD 	imes V$$

Question 10

A child is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of collagen fibers in bone. Which property of bone will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bone's flexibility and resistance to tension

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of the ethical conflict between science and cultural respect for human remains, as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The debate over the study and repatriation of Native American remains under NAGPRA

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the structure of a long bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

The epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage at joint surfaces.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why bones can last long after death?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain a high proportion of mineral salts, such as hydroxyapatite, which are resistant to decomposition.

Question 14

A patient has a disease that prevents the calcification of cartilage during bone growth. Which process will be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)?

Accepted Answer

It requires federally funded institutions to return certain cultural items, including human remains, to Native American tribes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteons in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are cylindrical structures that form the basic unit of compact bone.

Question 17

A scientist is comparing the healing rates of bone and cartilage after injury. Which property of cartilage explains why it heals more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, lacking blood vessels, which limits nutrient delivery and repair.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

New cartilage is added to the surface by cells in the perichondrium.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of bone projections?

Accepted Answer

They provide sites for muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment.

Question 20

Which of the following best summarizes the ethical approach recommended for scientists working with ancient human remains?

Accepted Answer

Scientists have a moral obligation to seek out those who have a connection to the remains and let them decide their fate.

Anatomy & Physiology: Structure and Function of Bones

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard