Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary effect of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation during a 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and dilation of bronchioles

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the cervical sympathetic chain ganglia. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Pupil constriction and drooping eyelid (ptosis)

Question 3

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?

Accepted Answer

Lateral horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

Question 4

Which of the following best defines a ganglion in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

Which organ receives direct stimulation from preganglionic sympathetic neurons without an intervening postganglionic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 6

Why do the effects of adrenal medulla hormones last longer than those produced by direct sympathetic innervation?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are released directly into the bloodstream and persist until metabolized

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at autonomic ganglia in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Nicotinic receptors are found at which of the following locations, and which neurotransmitter binds to them?

Accepted Answer

On postganglionic neuron cell bodies in autonomic ganglia; acetylcholine

Question 9

A drug that blocks muscarinic receptors would most directly affect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic effects on target organs

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the same neurotransmitter can have different effects on different target organs?

Accepted Answer

Different receptor types and intracellular signaling pathways are present on target organs

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of receptor type and neurotransmitter for the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Adrenergic receptors bind norepinephrine from sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 12

Dual innervation of visceral organs by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems primarily serves to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain homeostasis through opposing actions

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an effector of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 14

Postganglionic neurons of collateral ganglia primarily carry signals to which organs?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between long and short visceral reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Short reflexes involve only peripheral neurons and bypass the central nervous system

Question 16

A patient is given a drug that mimics acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Which of the following effects would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Increased digestive activity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a sympathetic signal to the sweat glands in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neuron from thoracic spinal cord → sympathetic chain ganglion → postganglionic neuron to sweat gland

Question 18

Which of the following is a component of the visceral reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Visceral sensory receptor

Question 19

If a drug blocks adrenergic receptors, which of the following effects would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and constricted bronchioles

Question 20

From which regions of the spinal cord do sympathetic preganglionic fibers arise?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic and lumbar

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) – Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Divisions

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