Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes dissociate into ions in water, conducting electricity, while nonelectrolytes do not dissociate and do not conduct electricity.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their intracellular fluid. What is the most likely effect on their cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will lose water and shrink due to osmosis.

Question 3

Which ion is found in higher concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compared to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure in capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries, while osmotic pressure pulls fluid into capillaries.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a solvent for biochemical reactions

Question 6

A patient presents with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Laboratory tests reveal elevated plasma potassium levels. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the effect of hypercalcemia on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Neurons become less permeable to Na$$^+$$, reducing their ability to depolarize and decreasing excitability.

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

Which of the following is a buffer system in the body that helps maintain pH homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system: $$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^- + H^+ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a main site for calcium storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 11

A marathon runner drinks excessive amounts of water without replacing electrolytes. Which condition is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the principle of mass balance as it applies to body fluids?

Accepted Answer

The amount of a substance gained must equal the amount lost to maintain homeostasis.

Question 13

Which of the following ions is found in higher concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$

Question 14

Which two antagonistic hormones regulate blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

Question 15

A patient with severe dehydration is at risk for which cellular event that can be fatal?

Accepted Answer

Cells shrink due to water loss, leading to impaired function.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an acid according to the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A substance with a pH less than 7

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium is essential for muscle contraction, including the heartbeat.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of placing a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 19

Which hormone is responsible for increasing calcium absorption from the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of hydroxyapatite in the body?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural strength to bones and teeth.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Homeostasis

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard