Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 3

Which organ is part of both the endocrine and reproductive systems?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

The body decreases blood glucose levels after a meal by releasing insulin.

Question 5

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$\mathrm{HCl})$$

Question 6

Which formula represents a buffer system in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polar and non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A polar covalent bond has unequal sharing of electrons, while a non-polar covalent bond has equal sharing.

Question 8

Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 3. What does this indicate about the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 10

Which process involves the removal of water to join monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which type of tissue is found in tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the resting membrane potential by moving $$3\ \mathrm{Na^+}$$ out and $$2\ \mathrm{K^+} in $$per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 18

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

Accepted Answer

Its three-dimensional structure is altered, resulting in loss of function.

Question 19

Which of the following is the complementary DNA strand to $$5'	ext{-}ATCGGTA-3'$$?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TAGCCAT-5'$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, and Cell Biology

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