Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the eye from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Sclera, choroid, retina

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty hearing and balance issues. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cochlea

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Chordae tendineae

Question 5

Pulmonary circulation differs from systemic circulation in that it:

Accepted Answer

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 6

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 7

Which of the following is a major lymphatic organ responsible for filtering blood and mounting immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the first line of defense in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Physical and chemical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

Question 9

Which cell type is most abundant in human blood and primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Question 10

During inflammation, which of the following events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 11

Which formula correctly represents the transport of oxygen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2 + Hb$$ \rightarrow $$HbO_2$$

Question 12

Which structure in the respiratory system is the primary site for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 13

A patient with anemia has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. Which protein is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Filtering lymph and housing immune cells

Question 15

Which equation best represents the conversion of carbon dioxide in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a target organ for antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the choroid in the eye?

Accepted Answer

Provides blood supply to the retina

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of macrophages in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and cellular debris

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary function of hemocytoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Serve as stem cells for blood cell formation

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Key Concepts from Chapters 15–22

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