Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback amplifies a change away from equilibrium, while negative feedback counteracts a change to maintain equilibrium.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the G-protein linked second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

Ligand binds receptor $$\rightarrow G-$$protein activated $$\rightarrow$$ Effector enzyme activated $$\rightarrow$$ Second messenger produced

Question 4

Which of the following best defines 'osmosis'?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of 'start codons' and 'stop codons' in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Start codons signal the beginning of translation, while stop codons signal its termination.

Question 8

Which of the following bonds is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

They mediate the fusion of vesicles with target membranes during exocytosis.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin for blood glucose regulation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds molecules using energy.

Question 12

Which of the following best defines 'membrane potential'?

Accepted Answer

The electrical charge difference across a cell membrane created by ions

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase $$\rightarrow$$ Metaphase $$\rightarrow$$ Anaphase $$\rightarrow$$ Telophase

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules creates cohesion at the surface.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the four levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure is defined by the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of clathrin-coated pits?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about elements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of an element.

Question 18

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a membrane protein but does not require energy.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the pericardial cavity?

Accepted Answer

It is the cavity that surrounds the heart.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Systems

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