Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for initiating skeletal muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and rapid fatigue during exercise. Which muscle fiber type is most likely predominant in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Fast-twitch fibers

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the order of connective tissue layers surrounding a skeletal muscle fiber, from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium → perimysium → epimysium

Question 4

During a biceps curl, which muscle acts as the antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, cross-sectional area, and muscle contraction strength?

Accepted Answer

$$F = A \cdot \sigma$$

Question 6

A patient has difficulty abducting their arm. Damage to which nerve is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a property of skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Secretion

Question 8

The hamstring muscle group is primarily responsible for which movement at the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Question 9

Which structure is palpated on the top of the foot to assess peripheral circulation?

Accepted Answer

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 10

A patient is unable to flex their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is released in the CNS and is generally associated with mood regulation and sleep?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 12

Which muscle is responsible for compressing the abdominal contents and is innervated by the lower intercostal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Transversus abdominis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → effector

Question 14

Which equation best represents the propagation of an action potential along a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$I = C \frac{dV}{dt}$$

Question 15

A patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot after a lower limb injury. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 16

Which muscle is the strongest tendon in the body and is commonly injured in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Achilles tendon

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is specifically associated with skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Which muscle group surrounds the thoracic and abdominal-pelvic cavities and is essential for respiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of surface anatomy in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the location of the median cubital vein for venipuncture

Question 20

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the lateral forearm and weakness in elbow flexion. Which nerve is most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Muscle and Nervous System (Chapters 9–12)

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