Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical, and multinucleated, while cardiac muscle cells are branched, uninucleated, and connected by intercalated discs.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 3

Which feature is unique to cardiac muscle compared to skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Intercalated discs for rapid electrical communication

Question 4

Distendability refers to a muscle's ability to:

Accepted Answer

Stretch without being damaged

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the muscle structure with its function?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere: site of muscle contraction

Question 6

A triad in skeletal muscle consists of:

Accepted Answer

Two terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and one T-tubule

Question 7

During muscle contraction, which sequence correctly describes the events from motor neuron stimulation to contraction?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron releases acetylcholine → depolarization of sarcolemma → calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum → actin and myosin interact

Question 8

Depolarization of the sarcolemma is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Influx of sodium ions ($$Na^+)$$

Question 9

What is the role of calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) in $$muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose actin binding sites.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To transmit electrical and chemical signals for communication and control

Question 11

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic division

Question 12

Which component of a neuron is responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 13

Resting membrane potential is established by:

Accepted Answer

Active transport of $$Na^+$$ out and $$K^+ in $$via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 14

Which neuroglia cell is found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and is responsible for myelination?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 15

Myelin increases the speed of action potential propagation by:

Accepted Answer

Facilitating saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A rapid, all-or-none electrical signal that travels along the axon

Question 17

What stimulates the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Influx of $$Ca^{2+}$$ ions

Question 18

After neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, what is one possible fate of excess neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

They are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron (reuptake)

Question 19

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

Question 20

During muscle relaxation, which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Muscles and Nervous System

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