Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between sensory and motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system, while motor neurons transmit impulses from the central nervous system to effectors.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages the dorsal root ganglion. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory information transmission to the central nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a spinal segment, its dermatome, and its myotome?

Accepted Answer

A dermatome is the area of skin supplied by a single spinal segment, while a myotome is the group of muscles supplied by that same segment.

Question 4

Which major body region is innervated by the brachial plexus?

Accepted Answer

Upper limb

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct structural classification of joints?

Accepted Answer

Synovial, cartilaginous, and fibrous

Question 6

Which structure contributes most to the stability of a synovial joint during movement?

Accepted Answer

Ligaments and tendons

Question 7

Which type of movement is allowed by a hinge joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion and extension

Question 8

Which muscle acts as an antagonist during elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 9

A patient presents with weakness in the anterior compartment of the leg. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 11

Which equation best represents the process of ATP generation by aerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36ATP$$

Question 12

During intense exercise, which energy source is used first by skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Stored ATP and creatine phosphate

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of type I (slow-twitch) skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Abundant mitochondria and high resistance to fatigue

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why muscle responses are graded?

Accepted Answer

Because the number of motor units recruited and the frequency of stimulation can vary

Question 15

Which of the following best describes an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The muscle length remains constant while generating force

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of aging on skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Decreased muscle fiber diameter and strength

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the basic components of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Question 18

A patient with peripheral nerve injury presents with loss of sensation, muscle weakness, and areflexia. Which term best describes the loss of reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Areflexia

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the control of cardiac muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle contraction is initiated by pacemaker cells and modulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the stress-relaxation response of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle initially contracts when stretched, then relaxes even if the stretch is maintained.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Nervous, Muscular, and Joint Systems

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