Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main functional difference between epithelial and connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue forms protective barriers and is involved in absorption and secretion, while connective tissue supports, binds, and protects other tissues.

Question 2

A patient suffers a second-degree burn on their forearm. Which of the following best describes the tissue layers affected and a major complication associated with this type of burn?

Accepted Answer

Both the epidermis and upper dermis are damaged; a major complication is infection due to loss of the protective barrier.

Question 3

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; the process is called bone resorption.

Question 4

A 70-year-old patient presents with thin, fragile skin and delayed wound healing. Which of the following best explains these age-related changes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased mitotic activity in epidermal cells and reduced vascularization in the dermis.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area burned using the 'Rule of Nines' for an adult with burns on the entire left arm and anterior trunk?

Accepted Answer

$$ 9\% + 18\% = 27\% $$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of hematopoiesis and its primary location in adults?

Accepted Answer

The formation of blood cells, primarily occurring in the red bone marrow of spongy bone.

Question 7

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of bone fracture, and what is a key factor contributing to this risk?

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture; decreased bone mass due to reduced osteoblast activity.

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, and what is the equation for the effect on blood calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); $$ [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} \uparrow $$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cartilage injuries heal more slowly than bone injuries?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply, limiting nutrient delivery and slowing repair.

Question 10

A patient presents with a blister after wearing new shoes. Which process best explains the formation of the blister?

Accepted Answer

Separation of the epidermis from the dermis with accumulation of fluid between the layers.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons and provides strength, while spongy bone contains trabeculae and supports marrow.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during tissue repair after injury?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, organization, regeneration/fibrosis

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why skin color can be used as an indicator of health or sickness?

Accepted Answer

Changes in skin color can reflect underlying conditions such as jaundice (yellowing) or cyanosis (bluish tint) due to altered blood oxygen or bilirubin levels.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system related to thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature through sweat gland activity and vasodilation/vasoconstriction.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model, as seen in the formation of long bones.

Question 16

Which of the following factors would most likely impair tissue repair after an injury?

Accepted Answer

Poor circulation and chronic infection.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of an epidermal derivative and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Hair follicle – protection and sensation.

Question 18

A patient with a compound (open) fracture is at increased risk for which complication compared to a simple (closed) fracture?

Accepted Answer

Infection due to exposure of bone to the external environment.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin D in bone maintenance?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption, supporting bone mineralization.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nervous tissue compared to other tissue types?

Accepted Answer

Specialized for rapid communication via electrical impulses.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Tissues, Skin, and Skeletal System

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