$$7.35 \leq \text{pH} \leq 7.45$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary effect of activating the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the 'fight-or-flight' response, increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles.

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 3

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. Which of the following is the most likely immediate result?

Accepted Answer

The patient's plasma antibodies will agglutinate the donor RBCs, causing hemolysis.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes (RBCs) have a limited lifespan of 100–120 days?

Accepted Answer

They are anucleate and cannot synthesize new proteins or repair themselves.

Question 5

A patient with polycythemia is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Sluggish blood flow and increased blood viscosity

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 7

During hemostasis, which step involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to stabilize the blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the liver in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes most clotting factors and plasma proteins required for coagulation.

Question 9

A patient has a low hematocrit and is experiencing fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal pH range of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

$$7.35 \leq 	ext{pH} \leq 7.45$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They anchor the atrioventricular (AV) valves to papillary muscles, preventing valve prolapse.

Question 12

Which of the following leukocytes is most numerous in normal blood and is the first to arrive at sites of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 13

A patient with a high platelet count is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sluggish blood flow and increased risk of thrombosis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about erythropoietin (EPO) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why type O blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood contains no A or B antigens on the RBC surface.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the three major steps of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting due to lack of clotting factors

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a buffer and helps maintain osmotic pressure.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single RBC?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ RBC} = 250 	ext{ million Hb molecules} 	imes 4 	ext{ O}_2/	ext{Hb} = 1 	ext{ billion O}_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between serum and plasma?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting factors, while serum does not.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Autonomic Nervous System, Blood, and Heart

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica