Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the parathyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Regulates calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A patient with Cushing's Syndrome is likely to have which of the following hormonal imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Excess cortisol production from the adrenal cortex

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart, starting at the superior vena cava (SVC) and ending at the aorta?

Accepted Answer

SVC → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why a person with type AB+ blood is considered a universal recipient?

Accepted Answer

They have no anti-A, anti-B, or anti-Rh antibodies in their plasma

Question 5

A histology slide shows a blood cell with a multilobed nucleus and fine granules that stain light pink. What is the most likely cell type?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following lab findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood calcium levels

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing insulin secretion

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes for immune function

Question 10

A patient with untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose due to lack of insulin production

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of basophils?

Accepted Answer

Release histamine during allergic reactions

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of arteries compared to veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker tunica media than veins

Question 13

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of the transfused red blood cells

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the QRS complex on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly calculates cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the heart wall from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of veins but not arteries?

Accepted Answer

Presence of valves to prevent backflow

Question 18

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal cortex is most likely to have abnormal levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction

Question 20

Which pulse point is located on the lateral side of the wrist, proximal to the thumb?

Accepted Answer

Radial artery

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Endocrine, Blood, Heart, and Vascular Systems

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