$$N_{neuroglia} = 10 \times N_{neurons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and loss of voluntary movement. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 4

If a nerve tract is named 'spinothalamic', what does this indicate about the direction and function of the tract?

Accepted Answer

It is an ascending sensory tract from the spinal cord to the thalamus.

Question 5

Which property of neurons allows them to respond to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Irritability

Question 6

A demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis primarily affects which structure?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of neuroglia and neurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{neuroglia} = 10 	imes N_{neurons}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between a neuron and a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A neuron is a cell, while a nerve is a bundle of axonal processes from many neurons.

Question 9

Which glial cell type acts as the immune defense in the central nervous system by removing dead cells and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 10

A nerve fiber that appears white in fresh tissue is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Myelinated

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are sites of saltatory conduction, allowing rapid impulse transmission.

Question 12

Which type of neuron is most likely to be found connecting sensory and motor neurons within the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the direction of nerve tracts in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts carry sensory information toward the brain.

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 15

A patient has damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory function

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons use saltatory conduction, allowing impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spinal meninges?

Accepted Answer

Transmit motor impulses to muscles

Question 19

Which neuron type is most likely to be unipolar?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory neuron

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of neurosecretory neurons?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize and secrete hormones.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Neurology and the Nervous System

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