$$SV = 120 \text{ mL} - 50 \text{ mL} = 70 \text{ mL}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary circuit in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange.

Question 2

Which heart chamber receives blood from the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 3

What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting during ventricular contraction

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the left ventricle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood into the systemic circuit.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. What is the most likely cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity restricting heart movement

Question 6

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular valves are closed; semilunar valves are open.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 8

If a patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 mL and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 50 mL, what is their stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 120 	ext{ mL} - 50 	ext{ mL} = 70 	ext{ mL}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and force of contraction

Question 10

A patient presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm after exertion, which subsides at rest. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling Principle?

Accepted Answer

As end-diastolic volume increases, stroke volume increases within physiological limits.

Question 12

Which structure in the heart initiates the normal electrical impulse for each heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 13

What is the main role of calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$during the plateau phase of the cardiac contractile cell action potential?

Accepted Answer

To trigger contraction by entering the cytosol and stimulating further $$Ca^{2+}$$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Accepted Answer

Death of cardiac muscle cells due to lack of oxygen

Question 15

Which ECG wave corresponds to ventricular depolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely increase afterload in the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance in the aorta due to atherosclerosis

Question 17

A patient has a heart rate of 80 bpm and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600 	ext{ mL/min}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cardiac skeleton?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the positions of heart valves and electrically insulates atria from ventricles.

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result from damage to the SA node?

Accepted Answer

The AV node would take over as pacemaker, resulting in a slower heart rate.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) released by parasympathetic neurons on the heart?

Accepted Answer

It decreases heart rate by extending repolarization.

Anatomy & Physiology: The Heart – Chapter 20 Study Notes

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