Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the blood and the external environment

Question 2

During inspiration, which of the following events occurs as a result of Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

The volume of the thoracic cavity increases, causing intrapulmonary pressure to drop below atmospheric pressure

Question 3

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing difficulty exhaling. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Loss of elastic recoil and destruction of alveolar walls

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship described by Boyle's Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 5

A premature infant is diagnosed with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). Which of the following is the most likely physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient surfactant production by type II alveolar cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to the heme group of hemoglobin with a much higher affinity than oxygen

Question 7

Which of the following changes would most likely occur in the lungs at high altitude after several weeks of acclimatization?

Accepted Answer

Increased minute ventilation and red blood cell production

Question 8

A patient is experiencing a severe asthma attack. Which of the following best describes the physiological changes occurring in the airways?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of bronchioles and increased mucus secretion

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

$$C = \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta (P_{pul} - P_{ip})}$$

Question 10

A person inhales deeply and holds their breath. Which of the following best describes the effect on blood pH if this is sustained for several minutes?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH will decrease due to accumulation of $$CO_2 ($$respiratory acidosis)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect in oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$CO_2$$ and H$$^+$$ concentrations decrease hemoglobin's affinity for $$O_2$$, enhancing oxygen unloading in tissues

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the respiratory membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alveolar and capillary walls with their fused basement membranes

Question 13

A patient with left-sided heart failure develops pulmonary edema. How does this affect gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It thickens the respiratory membrane, impairing oxygen diffusion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation, decreasing airway resistance

Question 15

According to Dalton's Law, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) at $$sea level if atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg and oxygen makes up 20.9% of air?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = 0.209 	imes 760 = 159 mm Hg$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why $$CO_2$$ diffuses in equal amounts with $$O_2$$ across the respiratory membrane, despite a smaller partial pressure gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 is 20 $$times more soluble in plasma and alveolar fluid than $$O_2$$

Question 17

A patient is exposed to a noxious gas that causes the cilia in the trachea to stop functioning. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of mucus accumulation and respiratory infections

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Hering-Breuer (inflation) reflex?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits further inspiration when the lungs are overinflated

Question 19

A person is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What is the expected effect on blood $$CO_2$$ and pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood $$CO_2$$ decreases and pH increases (respiratory alkalosis)

Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System (Chapter 21) Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard