Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between adjacent cells by sealing the space between them.

Question 2

A patient suffers a burn that destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis. Which tissue type is primarily affected, and what is a key characteristic of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue; avascular and relies on diffusion for nutrients.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals slowly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and repair cells must diffuse from surrounding tissues.

Question 4

A biopsy of a gland reveals cells that release their secretions by exocytosis without losing any part of the cell. Which type of gland is this?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They secrete fibers and ground substance to maintain the matrix.

Question 6

A tissue sample from the trachea shows cells of varying heights, all touching the basement membrane, with cilia and goblet cells present. What is the most likely classification of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It attaches epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue and provides structural support.

Question 8

A histological slide shows multiple layers of flat cells at the surface, with the outermost layers filled with keratin. Where is this tissue most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Covering the skin surface (epidermis)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why simple columnar epithelium in the digestive tract often contains microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about connective tissue is correct?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue contains widely scattered cells in an abundant extracellular matrix.

Question 11

A patient has a genetic defect resulting in abnormal collagen fibers. Which tissue function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and resistance to stretching in connective tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces via ducts.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of cell layers ($$n) $$and the thickness ($$T) of a $$stratified epithelium, if each layer has an average height $$h$$?

Accepted Answer

$$T = n 	imes h$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of cells suspended in a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma).

Question 15

A tissue sample from the urinary bladder shows cells that can change shape from cuboidal to squamous as the bladder fills. What is this tissue called, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium; allows stretching and recoiling.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They secrete mucus to lubricate and protect surfaces.

Question 17

A patient with a mutation affecting the formation of elastic fibers would most likely experience problems in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Ability of tissues to return to their original shape after stretching.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between epithelial and connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissues are avascular, while most connective tissues are vascular.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the matrix of bone contains both collagen fibers and calcium salts?

Accepted Answer

Collagen provides flexibility, while calcium salts provide hardness and strength.

Question 20

A tissue sample shows cells that are flat and thin, forming a single layer lining the blood vessels. What is the name of this tissue, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium); allows rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients.

Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues – Structure, Function, and Classification

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