Q: Which formula is used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$$MAP = (2 \times DBP + SBP) \div 3$$

Question 1

Which hormone released by the adrenal cortex is primarily responsible for regulating sodium and potassium balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 2

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland via which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 3

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

A patient with hyperthyroidism will likely have which of the following hormone profiles?

Accepted Answer

Low TSH, high T3/T4

Question 5

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

AV valves closed, semilunar valves open

Question 6

Which phase of the cardiac cycle corresponds to the QRS complex on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 7

If a defect exists in the interventricular wall, what change is most likely to occur in stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

SV decreases due to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a major force that drives blood pressure in the arteries?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output

Question 10

Which type of capillary is most commonly found in the kidneys and allows for rapid filtration?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 11

Which segment of the ECG represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization?

Accepted Answer

S-T segment

Question 12

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 13

Which formula is used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = (2 	imes DBP + SBP) \div 3$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

SNS increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 16

Which event occurs during the T-wave of the ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular repolarization

Question 17

Which artery is NOT a major artery of the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Question 18

Which factor is most likely to increase net filtration in capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 19

Which sound is associated with the closing of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

S1 (lub)

Question 20

An athlete typically has a higher end-diastolic volume (EDV) and lower end-systolic volume (ESV) compared to a non-athlete. What is the effect on stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

SV increases

Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1 Exam Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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