Q: Which equation best represents the increase in surface area due to microvilli in the small intestine, if each enterocyte has $$n$$ microvilli and each microvillus has surface area $$A_{mv}$$?

$$A_{total} = n \times A_{mv}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the pyloric sphincter in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.

Question 2

The small intestine is divided into three regions. Which sequence correctly lists these regions from proximal to distal?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 3

Which structural adaptation of the small intestine most directly increases its surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 4

A patient has difficulty swallowing due to a malfunction in the muscle type found in the upper esophagus. Which muscle type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 6

If the ileocecal valve fails to function properly, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled movement of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine

Question 7

Which equation best represents the increase in surface area due to microvilli in the small intestine, if each enterocyte has $$n$$ microvilli and each microvillus has surface area $$A_{mv}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A_{total} = n 	imes A_{mv}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of Peyer's patches in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They contain immune cells that monitor intestinal contents.

Question 9

A fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is most commonly used to treat which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium difficile infection

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the gut length is correct?

Accepted Answer

The gut measures approximately 15 ft when folded and 26 ft when relaxed.

Question 11

Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for secretion in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Secretory epithelia

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct function of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Stores, mixes, and partially digests food

Question 13

Which sphincter controls the release of feces from the body?

Accepted Answer

Internal and external anal sphincters

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has plica, villi, and microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To maximize surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 15

A patient with a deficiency in M-cells in the small intestine would most likely have problems with:

Accepted Answer

Transporting antigens to immune cells

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of the large intestine segments?

Accepted Answer

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 17

Which equation would you use to estimate the total surface area of the small intestine if the base area is $$A_{base}$$ and the surface area is increased 600-fold by structural adaptations?

Accepted Answer

$$A_{total} = 600 	imes A_{base}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of removing the appendix?

Accepted Answer

Reduced source of gut bacteria and possible immune function

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Concentrates waste and absorbs water

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about intestinal bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They play a role in immune function and digestion.

Anatomy of the Digestive System: Structure and Key Features

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