Question 1

Refer to the heart models shown in the images. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 2

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 3

Blood flows from the right ventricle into which vessel, and what is the primary function of this vessel?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery; carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 4

Which structure prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 5

If a patient has a blockage in the coronary arteries, which part of the heart is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The heart muscle (myocardium)

Question 6

Which equation best represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 7

A patient’s blood pressure is measured as 120/80 mmHg. Which value represents the pressure during ventricular contraction, and what is this phase called?

Accepted Answer

120 mmHg; systole

Question 8

Which vessel shown in the heart models is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Question 9

If the left ventricle fails to pump effectively, which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary edema

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the flow of blood through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 11

Which heart valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 12

A patient has a defect in the interventricular septum. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood between the ventricles

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly calculates mean arterial pressure ($$MAP) $$using systolic ($$SBP) $$and diastolic ($$DBP) $$blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DBP + \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP)$$

Question 14

Which part of the heart is primarily responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle

Question 15

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atrioventricular (AV) valves close?

Accepted Answer

At the beginning of ventricular systole

Question 16

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Inferior vena cava

Question 17

A patient with mitral valve stenosis will most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring greater force

Question 19

If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails to function, which structure typically takes over as the pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Anatomy of the Human Heart: Structure and Major Vessels

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard